The Faculty of Pharmacy discussed the high diploma thesis, “Evaluation of Heavy Metals (Lead and Cadmium) and trace elements (Copper and Zinc) Levels in a Sample of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis in Kirkuk Governorate :Case Control study /Iraq” by Mina Sabah Abdulqader and the supervisor, Lecturer Dr. Alaa Radhi Khudhair in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. This study aims to evaluate the levels of some heavy metals (lead and cadmium) and trace element as (zinc and copper) in patient with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis and compare the results with those of healthy individuals results in Kirkuk city/Iraq. This case-control study was conducted in Kirkuk and included 100 Iraqi males and females divided into two groups: the first, composed of 50 healthy males and females, and the second, composed of 50 Iraqi patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease and on hemodialysis for more than 1 month to many years, with an age range of 18 to 70 years, were collected from the Kirkuk general hospital in Kirkuk. The current study found that there was a significant decrease in the concentration of blood serum zinc while a significant increase in the level of blood serum copper concentration in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis when compared to healthy people’s blood serum zinc and copper concentrations, as well as a significant increase in the blood levels of heavy metals such as lead and cadmium in patients with chronic kidney disease.
